What is Parkinson’s disease? Understanding the Basics

This comprehensive guide aims to provide clear information about Parkinson's disease and the available treatment and management options. Learning about Parkinson’s can feel like a lot to take in, but we are here to make it clear and manageable, one step at a time.

What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and is part of a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson's develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. While tremor is a common symptom, it does not affect everyone with PD.

How Does Parkinson’s Affect the Brain?

In Parkinson’s, certain cells in the brain (nerve cells) slowly stop working as well as they used to. These nerve cells are responsible for producing dopamine, a crucial chemical messenger that allows smooth and coordinated body movements. As these cells become damaged, dopamine levels decrease, leading to both motor and non-motor symptoms.

What are the Primary Symptoms of Parkinson's?

Parkinson’s symptoms vary for each person. Some people may have mild symptoms for many years, while others may find that symptoms progress a bit faster. Understanding these can help you better manage them. Symptoms can be categorized as motor (movement-related) and non-motor.

Motor Symptoms:

• Tremor: This usually begins in the hands or fingers, often with a rhythmic back-and-forth motion. Tremor often appears when the hand is at rest and may lessen or disappear during sleep.

• Slowness of movement (bradykinesia): Simple tasks like getting dressed or showering become difficult and time-consuming. Facial expressions may decrease, creating a “masked face”.

• Stiffness (rigidity): Muscles remain tense and tight, causing aches, stiffness and jerky movements.

• Postural instability: This includes balance problems, changes in posture, a tendency to lean forward, and a shuffling walk with small steps. Difficulty initiating and stopping movement may result in “freezing” in place while walking.